: The poem reflects the "poetic mestizaje"—a synthesis of Spanish and African cultural elements that defines the Caribbean identity. Collective History
It started as Willahelm ( Wil = desire/will + Helm = helmet/protection). Old French: It became Guillaume after the Norman influence.
“Could it be from some Congo, some Bantu?”
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The poem is structured as an internal monologue. The speaker recalls learning to write his last name in school. But as he grows older, he realizes that this name, "Guillén," represents only his Spanish, European heritage. But what about the other half of his blood? What about the heritage stripped from his African ancestors when they were kidnapped, enslaved, and forced to abandon their own cultures?
The poem opens as a dialogue. The speaker is confronting you —the reader, the white establishment, or the Spanish descendant who takes surnames for granted. By the end, the question turns inward.
Nicolás Guillén's remarkable life and literary career have left an indelible mark on the world of poetry. Through his innovative use of language and exploration of social justice themes, Guillén has inspired readers and writers around the globe. As his work continues to be translated and celebrated in English-speaking countries, his legacy serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring power of poetry to challenge, inspire, and transform.
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While this translation is accurate for study and comprehension, for formal academic citation, you should reference the published translation by Robert Márquez or Roberto Márquez (depending on the edition). Use this article as a guide for interpretation.
"From school / and even before... From the cradle / they told me my name. My surname..."